Aug 26 2007
Christian terminology
I’m not a theologian, not even a lay theologian, but I’ve been interested in a while in how Christians say things. Take them for what they’re worth:
- Bible–I hate this word, possibly because it’s so overused in Christian discourse, partly because it gives the image of one cohesive work. I prefer Scriptures, with the appropriate adjective (see next bullet), because the term indicates multiple documents collected for a purpose.
- Testament–I don’t like the term “Old Testament,” except in literary or historical discourse. In modern religious discourse, I’d prefer we use the term “Hebrew Scriptures.” “Old Testament” is at best paternalistic and at worst disrespectful. For me, “Old Testament” is only acceptable when discussing historical theology; for example, when we’re talking about apologetics based primarily on typology, it wouldn’t be accurate to discuss the apologists’ opinion of the “Hebrew Scriptures” because those Scriptures are primarily used to prove the truth of Christianity. We would be beholden to the apologists’ terms, not our own.Similarly, I prefer “Christian Scriptures” to “New Testament,” mostly for symmetry. I dislike the terms, “First Testament” and “Second Testament” that are being used by some publishers because they set up the question, “Is there a third testament? A fourth?”
- Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals–You’ll only see “Deuterocanonical” in Catholic and Orthodox discourse because it’s a much kinder term than “Apocrypha” for the books of the Hebrew Scriptures that have been excluded from the canon by Jews and most Protestants. But if we shift to “Apocrypha,” we run into an interesting problem–how expansive is that term? I suppose we can distinguish the Apocrypha (uppercase) from apocryphal writings (lowercase). The latter term would include gnostic writings and various others deemed heretical or noncanonical by the Church Fathers. Even with this distinction, I almost always ask myself “which apocrypha?” when I see that term used. My sympathy is with “Deuterocanonical” when referring to works that have been canonized by some branches of Christianity and “apocrypha” when referring to works that haven’t been canonized by any. But I think that’s more or less a lost cause at this point. Such is life.
- Denomination–I was once told that Catholicism is a denomination, and that set me to thinking about what the proper term is. In my conception of the Church, there are three branches: Catholicism, Orthodoxy (capital “O”), and Protestantism. I suppose you could restrict Protestantism to mainline churches and separate off Evangelicalism and Charismatic Christianity. I’m not in favor of that, though, because there’s too much overlap; I prefer Protestantism as one branch. But I digress.Within branches, I would separate groups according to the preferred lingo of its members. Thus, Catholicism has rites; Orthodoxy has rites and churches; and Protestantism has denominations, congregations, and conferences. I suppose you could make the case for dioceses and eparchies being equivalent to denominations, but I wouldn’t make that case. Dioceses and eparchies mostly exist as administrative divisions.
Returning to the issue of overlap, I’d like to point out that my neat division is not perfect. Where does one place the Polish National Church (broke off from the American Catholic Church over property rights)? I suppose you could include radical traditionalists in Catholicism, but I think it’d be difficult to argue that the Polish National Church belongs in that branch when it self-styles itself as a denomination. But can it be placed in Protestantism? And what about Catholic Charismatics? They have a foot in Catholicism and a foot in Pentecostalism (which would fall under my Protestant branch). Just goes to show that any division of parts within Christianity fails in the end.
